Publications

 The Hypoxia Lab investigators have published more than 400 peer reviewed manuscripts. Below are some of these studies which include seminal work on blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry, human response to hypoxemia and altitude. 

Pulse Oximeter Performance, Racial Inequity, and the Work Ahead.

Okunlola OE, Lipnick MS, Batchelder PB, Bernstein M, Feiner JR, Bickler PE.

Respir Care. 2022 Feb;67(2):252-257. doi: 10.4187/respcare.09795. Epub 2021 Nov 12.

PMID: 34772785.

Accuracy of Samsung Smartphone Integrated Pulse Oximetry Meets Full FDA Clearance Standards for Clinical Use.

Browne SH, Bernstein M, Bickler PE.

medRxiv. 2021 Feb 18:2021.02.17.21249755. doi: 10.1101/2021.02.17.21249755. Preprint.

PMID: 33619504 Free PMC article.

"Silent" Presentation of Hypoxemia and Cardiorespiratory Compensation in COVID-19.

Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, McKleroy W.

Anesthesiology. 2021 Feb 1;134(2):262-269. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003578.

PMID: 32970134 Free PMC article. Review.

Increased Cytokines at High Altitude: Lack of Effect of Ibuprofen on Acute Mountain Sickness, Physiological Variables, or Cytokine Levels.

Lundeberg J, Feiner JR, Schober A, Sall JW, Eilers H, Bickler PE.

High Alt Med Biol. 2018 Sep;19(3):249-258. doi: 10.1089/ham.2017.0144. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

PMID: 29924642 Clinical Trial.

Four Types of Pulse Oximeters Accurately Detect Hypoxia during Low Perfusion and Motion.

Louie A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rhodes L, Bernstein M, Lucero J.

Anesthesiology. 2018 Mar;128(3):520-530. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002002.

PMID: 29200008 Free article.

Comparison of Transcranial Doppler and Ultrasound-Tagged Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Relative Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Human Subjects.

Lipnick MS, Cahill EA, Feiner JR, Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2018 Feb;126(2):579-587. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002590.

PMID: 29189269

Effects of Changes in Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Partial Pressures on Cerebral Oximeter Performance.

Schober A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rollins MD.

Anesthesiology. 2018 Jan;128(1):97-108. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001898.

PMID: 29084012

Effects of Acute, Profound Hypoxia on Healthy Humans: Implications for Safety of Tests Evaluating Pulse Oximetry or Tissue Oximetry Performance.

Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, Batchelder P, MacLeod DB, Severinghaus JW.

Anesth Analg. 2017 Jan;124(1):146-153. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001421.

PMID: 27529318 Review.

Enough Information to Evaluate Clinical Monitors?

Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2016 Jul;123(1):254-5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001342.

PMID: 27314698 No abstract available.

HIGH LIFE: High altitude fatalities led to pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016 Jan 15;120(2):236-43. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00476.2015. Epub 2015 Aug 6.

PMID: 26251514 Free article. Review.

The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications.

Lipnick MS, Feiner JR, Au P, Bernstein M, Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2016 Aug;123(2):338-45. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001300.

PMID: 27089002

Factors affecting the performance of 5 cerebral oximeters during hypoxia in healthy volunteers.

Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Rollins MD.

Anesth Analg. 2013 Oct;117(4):813-23. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318297d763. Epub 2013 Sep 10.

PMID: 24023027 Clinical Trial.

Accuracy of the Lifebox pulse oximeter during hypoxia in healthy volunteers.

Dubowitz G, Breyer K, Lipnick M, Sall JW, Feiner J, Ikeda K, MacLeod DB, Bickler PE.

Anaesthesia. 2013 Dec;68(12):1220-3. doi: 10.1111/anae.12382. Epub 2013 Aug 31.

PMID: 23992483

Accuracy of carboxyhemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxemia.

Feiner JR, Rollins MD, Sall JW, Eilers H, Au P, Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2013 Oct;117(4):847-58. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828610a0. Epub 2013 Mar 11.

PMID: 23477959 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

High oxygen partial pressure decreases anemia-induced heart rate increase equivalent to transfusion.

Feiner JR, Finlay-Morreale HE, Toy P, Lieberman JA, Viele MK, Hopf HW, Weiskopf RB.

Anesthesiology. 2011 Sep;115(3):492-8. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31822a22be.

PMID: 21768873 Free PMC article. Review.

Monitoring oxygenation.

Severinghaus JW.

J Clin Monit Comput. 2011 Jun;25(3):155-61. doi: 10.1007/s10877-011-9284-2. Epub 2011 Jun 30.

PMID: 21717228

Hemoglobin desaturation after succinylcholine-induced apnea: a study of the recovery of spontaneous ventilation in healthy volunteers.

Heier T, Feiner JR, Lin J, Brown R, Caldwell JE.

Anesthesiology. 2001 May;94(5):754-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200105000-00011.

PMID: 11388524

Improved accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia.

Feiner JR, Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2010 Nov;111(5):1160-7. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f46da8. Epub 2010 Sep 14.

PMID: 20841412

Accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia.

Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Mannheimer PD.

Anesth Analg. 2010 Jul;111(1):143-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c91bb6. Epub 2009 Dec 10.

PMID: 20007731

History of measuring O2 and CO2 responses.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;605:3-8. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_1.

PMID: 18085238

Dark skin decreases the accuracy of pulse oximeters at low oxygen saturation: the effects of oximeter probe type and gender.

Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW, Bickler PE.

Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S18-23, tables of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000285988.35174.d9.

PMID: 18048893

Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability.

Bickler PE, Buck LT.

Annu Rev Physiol. 2007;69:145-70. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.162529.

PMID: 17037980 Review.

Takuo Aoyagi: discovery of pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW.

Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S1-4, tables of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000269514.31660.09.

PMID: 18048890

Mass law predicts hyperbolic hypoxic ventilatory response.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;578:41-8. doi: 10.1007/0-387-29540-2_7.

PMID: 16927668 Review. No abstract available.

Effects of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation.

Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW.

Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr;102(4):715-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200504000-00004.

PMID: 15791098 Clinical Trial.

The Rahn-Otis discovery of hypoxic ventilatory decline.

Severinghaus JW.

High Alt Med Biol. 2005 Winter;6(4):339-41. doi: 10.1089/ham.2005.6.339.

PMID: 16351568 No abstract available.

Pulse oximetry in the diagnosis of acute mountain sickness.

O'Connor T, Dubowitz G, Bickler PE.

High Alt Med Biol. 2004 Fall;5(3):341-8. doi: 10.1089/ham.2004.5.341.

PMID: 15454000

The invention and development of blood gas analysis apparatus.

Severinghaus JW.

Anesthesiology. 2002 Jul;97(1):253-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200207000-00031.

PMID: 12131126

Acute severe isovolemic anemia impairs cognitive function and memory in humans.

Weiskopf RB, Kramer JH, Viele M, Neumann M, Feiner JR, Watson JJ, Hopf HW, Toy P.

Anesthesiology. 2000 Jun;92(6):1646-52. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200006000-00023.

PMID: 10839915 Clinical Trial.

Stumbling over a bias. What happens to spinal fluid pH at high altitude?

Severinghaus JW.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;161(1):3-4. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.hh299.

PMID: 10619789 Review. No abstract available.

Uses of high altitude for studies of effects of hypoxia.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;454:17-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_3.

PMID: 9889872 Review. No abstract available.

Hans Loeschcke, Robert Mitchell and the medullary CO2 chemoreceptors: a brief historical review.

Severinghaus JW.

Respir Physiol. 1998 Oct;114(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/s0034-5687(98)00075-9.

PMID: 9858047

Human PaCO2 and standard base excess compensation for acid-base imbalance.

Schlichtig R, Grogono AW, Severinghaus JW.

Crit Care Med. 1998 Jul;26(7):1173-9. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199807000-00015.

PMID: 9671365

Blood gas analysis and critical care medicine.

Severinghaus JW, Astrup P, Murray JF.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Apr;157(4 Pt 2):S114-22. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.nhlb1-9.

PMID: 9563770 No abstract available.

pH change in tissue can be detected using infra-red light reflectance spectroscopy.

Severinghaus JW.

J Clin Monit. 1997 Jul;13(4):279-80.

PMID: 9269623 No abstract available.

High-altitude pulmonary edema.

Jerome EH, Severinghaus JW.

N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 7;334(10):662-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199603073341013.

PMID: 8592535 No abstract available.

Discrepancy between evidence and theory of myoglobin SO2 in work.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;388:237-40. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0333-6_30.

PMID: 8798818 No abstract available.

Hypoxic ventilatory response predicts the extent of maximal breath-holds in man.

Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Severinghaus JW.

Respir Physiol. 1995 Jun;100(3):213-22. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(94)00132-j.

PMID: 7481110

Hypoxic ventilatory depression may be due to central chemoreceptor cell hyperpolarization.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;393:257-60. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1933-1_48.

PMID: 8629492

Hypothesis: angiogenesis cytokines in high altitude cerebral oedema.

Severinghaus JW.

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1995;107:177-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04354.x.

PMID: 8599273 No abstract available.

Nomenclature of oxygen saturation.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1994;345:921-3. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2468-7_121.

PMID: 8079806 Review. No abstract available.

History and recent developments in pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW.

Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1993;214:105-11.

PMID: 8332844

Recent developments in pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW, Kelleher JF.

Anesthesiology. 1992 Jun;76(6):1018-38. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199206000-00024.

PMID: 1599088 Review. No abstract available.

Acid-base balance controversy. Case for standard-base excess as the measure of nonrespiratory acid-base imbalance.

Severinghaus JW.

J Clin Monit. 1991 Jul;7(3):276-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01619275.

PMID: 1890452 No abstract available.

Pulse oximeter failure thresholds in hypotension and vasoconstriction.

Severinghaus JW, Spellman MJ Jr.

Anesthesiology. 1990 Sep;73(3):532-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199009000-00025.

PMID: 2393137

Haemoglobin oxygen saturation and related quantities: definitions, symbols and clinical use.

Wimberley PD, Siggaard-Andersen O, Fogh-Andersen N, Zijlstra WG, Severinghaus JW.

Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1990 Jun;50(4):455-9. doi: 10.3109/00365519009091606.

PMID: 2392657 No abstract available.

Transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2: a multicenter study of accuracy.

Palmisano BW, Severinghaus JW.

J Clin Monit. 1990 Jul;6(3):189-95. doi: 10.1007/BF02832145.

PMID: 2199616 Clinical Trial.

Effect of anemia on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation.

Severinghaus JW, Koh SO.

J Clin Monit. 1990 Apr;6(2):85-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02828282.

PMID: 2352007

Errors in 14 pulse oximeters during profound hypoxia.

Severinghaus JW, Naifeh KH, Koh SO.

J Clin Monit. 1989 Apr;5(2):72-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01617877.

PMID: 2723709

Water vapor calibration errors in some capnometers: respiratory conventions misunderstood by manufacturers?

Severinghaus JW.

Anesthesiology. 1989 Jun;70(6):996-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198906000-00019.

PMID: 2499226

History, status and future of pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1987;220:3-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1927-6_1.

PMID: 3673778 No abstract available.

History of blood gas analysis. VII. Pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW, Honda Y.

J Clin Monit. 1987 Apr;3(2):135-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00858362.

PMID: 3295125

History of blood gas analysis.

Severinghaus JW, Astrup PB.

Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1987 Winter;25(4):1-224.

PMID: 3323068 No abstract available.

[Pulse oximetry: a revolution in anesthesiology].

Severinghaus JW.

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 1988 May-Jun;35(3):119-20.

PMID: 3175178 Spanish. No abstract available.

Continuous monitoring of alveolar and inspiratory concentrations of anesthetic and respiratory gases is safe, simple, and cost-effective.

Severinghaus JW.

J Clin Monit. 1987 Apr;3(2):123. doi: 10.1007/BF00858360.

PMID: 3108464 No abstract available.

Pulse oximetry.

Severinghaus JW, Honda Y.

Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1987 Winter;25(4):205-14. doi: 10.1097/00004311-198702540-00009.

PMID: 3323069 No abstract available.

Accuracy of response of six pulse oximeters to profound hypoxia.

Severinghaus JW, Naifeh KH.

Anesthesiology. 1987 Oct;67(4):551-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198710000-00017.

PMID: 3662082

A gas mixer for computer calibration of an anesthetic mass spectrometer.

Severinghaus JW, Young WG.

J Clin Monit. 1986 Oct;2(4):223-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02851169.

PMID: 3783193

Time course of augmentation and depression of hypoxic ventilatory responses at altitude.

Sato M, Severinghaus JW, Bickler P.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Jul;77(1):313-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.313.

PMID: 7961252 Clinical Trial.

Effect of aging on estimates of hypercapnic ventilatory response during sleep.

Naifeh KH, Severinghaus JW, Kamiya J, Krafft M.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Apr;66(4):1956-64. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1956.

PMID: 2499571

Hypocapnia on ventral medullary blood flow and pH during hypoxia.

Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1987 Feb;62(2):850-1. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.62.2.850.

PMID: 3104301 No abstract available.

First electrodes for blood PO2 and PCO2 determination.

Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Nov;97(5):1599-600. doi: 10.1152/classicessays.00021.2004.

PMID: 15475549 No abstract available.

Effects of acetazolamide on cerebral acid-base balance.

Bickler PE, Litt L, Banville DL, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jul;65(1):422-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.422.

PMID: 3136134

Augmented hypoxic ventilatory response in men at altitude.

Sato M, Severinghaus JW, Powell FL, Xu FD, Spellman MJ Jr.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Jul;73(1):101-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.101.

PMID: 1506356

Effects of acetazolamide on cerebrocortical NADH and blood volume.

Bickler PE, Litt L, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jul;65(1):428-33. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.428.

PMID: 3136135

No effect of naloxone on hypoxia-induced ventilatory depression in adults.

Kagawa S, Stafford MJ, Waggener TB, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Apr;52(4):1030-4. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.1030.

PMID: 7085403

A combined transcutaneous PO2-PCO2 electrode with electrochemical HCO3- stabilization.

Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Oct;51(4):1027-32. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.4.1027.

PMID: 6795163

Relationship of CSF pH, O2, and CO2 responses in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis in humans.

Irsigler GB, Stafford MJ, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1980 Feb;48(2):355-61. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.2.355.

PMID: 6767670

Carotid chemoreceptor role in CSF alkalosis at altitude.

Severinghaus JW, Crawford RD.

Chest. 1978 Feb;73(2 Suppl):249-51. doi: 10.1378/chest.73.2_supplement.249-a.

PMID: 23254 No abstract available.

CSF pH and ventilatory acclimatization to altitude.

Crawford RD, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1978 Aug;45(2):275-83. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.2.275.

PMID: 28306 No abstract available.

Diffusing capacity of the lung for CO in man during acute acclimation to 14,246 ft.

Weiskopf RB, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1972 Mar;32(3):285-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.32.3.285.

PMID: 5010037 No abstract available.

Lack of effect of high altitude on hemoglobin oxygen affinity.

Weiskopf RB, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1972 Aug;33(2):276-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.33.2.276.

PMID: 5054436 No abstract available.

Comparison of three methods for quantitating respiratory response to hypoxia in man.

Kronenberg R, Hamilton FN, Gabel R, Hickey R, Read DJ, Severinghaus J.

Respir Physiol. 1972 Sep;16(1):109-25. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(72)90092-8.

PMID: 5073532 No abstract available.

Static pulmonary compliance of man during altitude hypoxia.Raymond L, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1971 Nov;31(5):785-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1971.31.5.785.

PMID: 5117198 No abstract available.

Modification of the radiometer BMS-3 electrode system to improve thermal stability.

Bainton CR, Severinghaus JW.

Anesthesiology. 1970 Nov;33(5):548-50. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197011000-00018.

PMID: 5478866 No abstract available.

Carotid chemoreceptor response to hypoxia and acidosis in cats living at high altitude.

Hornbein TF, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1969 Dec;27(6):837-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1969.27.6.837.

PMID: 5353207 No abstract available.

Respiratory sensitivity to acute hypoxia in man born at sea level living at high altitude.

Sorensen SC, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1968 Sep;25(3):211-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1968.25.3.211.

PMID: 5677019 No abstract available.

Irreversible respiratory insensitivity to acute hypoxia in man born at high altitude.

Sorensen SC, Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1968 Sep;25(3):217-20. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1968.25.3.217.

PMID: 5669868 No abstract available.

Blood gas calculator.

Severinghaus JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1966 May;21(3):1108-16. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1966.21.3.1108.

PMID: 5912737 No abstract available.

pH and molecular CO2 components of the Bohr effect in human blood.

Naeraa N, Petersen ES, Boye E, Severinghaus JW.

Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1966;18(1):96-102. doi: 10.3109/00365516609065612.

PMID: 5918676 No abstract available.

The influence of temperature and pH on the dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin of human blood.

Astrup P, Engel K, Severinghaus JW, Munson E.

Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1965;17(6):515-23. doi: 10.1080/00365516509083359.

PMID: 5858746 No abstract available.

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MAN NATIVE TO HIGH ALTITUDE.

SEVERINGHAUS JW, CARCELEN A.

J Appl Physiol. 1964 Mar;19:319-21. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.319.

PMID: 14155303 No abstract available.

RESPIRATORY CONTROL AT HIGH ALTITUDE SUGGESTING ACTIVE TRANSPORT REGULATION OF CSF PH.

SEVERINGHAUS JW, MITCHELL RA, RICHARDSON BW, SINGER MM.

J Appl Physiol. 1963 Nov;18:1155-66. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1963.18.6.1155.

PMID: 14080735 No abstract available.

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve correction for temperature and pH variation in human blood.

SEVERINGHAUS JW.

J Appl Physiol. 1958 May;12(3):485-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1958.12.3.485.

PMID: 13525316 No abstract available.

Electrodes for blood pO2 and pCO2 determination.

SEVERINGHAUS JW, BRADLEY AF.

J Appl Physiol. 1958 Nov;13(3):515-20. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1958.13.3.515.

PMID: 13587443 No abstract available.

Effect of temperature on PCO2 and PO2 of blood in vitro.

BRADLEY AF, SEVERINGHAUS JW, STUPFEL M.

J Appl Physiol. 1956 Sep;9(2):201-4. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1956.9.2.201.

PMID: 13376428 No abstract available.